Minoxidil
Almohanna HM, Perper M, Tosti A. Safety concerns when using novel medications to treat alopecia. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 Nov. doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1533549 • PubMed
Badri T, Nessel TA, Kumar D. Minoxidil. StatPearls; 2021. Available from: NCBIBookshelf
da Cruz GK, Martins MIM, Antunes FTT, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of oral and topical pumpkin oil on the hair growth of mice. Acta Histochem. 2022 Apr 18. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151894 • PubMed
“Minoxidil increased the DNA damage in the blood and the liver tissues.”
Donovan DJ. Paresthesias from topical minoxidil: Are we missing it? Donovan Hair Clinic [dermatologist’s blog post]. donovanmedical.com/hair-blog/minoxidil-paresthesias
Ersland E, Ebrahim N, Mwizerwa O, et al. Human vascular wall microfluidic model for preclinical evaluation of drug-induced vascular injury. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2022 Feb. doi:10.1089/ten.TEC.2021.0227 • PubMed
Minoxidil has “demonstrated preclinical drug-induced vascular injury but lack[s] clinical evidence… [M]inoxidil demonstrated minor endothelial cell barrier injury but damaged vascular smooth muscle cells…”
Hsu CL, Liu JS, Lin AC, Yang CH, Chung WH, Wu WG. Minoxidil may suppress androgen receptor-related functions. Oncotarget. 2014 Apr 30. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.1886 • PubMed • PMC full text
Korbi M, Said El Mabrouk R, Abdelaali M, Youssef M, Belhadjali H, Zili J. Topical minoxidil-induced paresthesia. Dermatol Ther. 2022 Apr. doi:10.1111/dth.15328 • PubMed
Mazen A. Topical minoxidil 5% induced male sexual dysfunction. Indian Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences [not indexed in PubMed]. 2017 May. doi:10.5281/zenodo.580856
Mir-Bonafé JF, Mir-Bonafé M, Rozas-Muñoz E, Mir-Bonafé JM. Morning periorbital edema related to low-dose oral minoxidil. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2022 Apr 28. English, Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2021.09.010 • PubMed • PDF in English (automated translation) • PDF in Spanish
Moreno-Arrones OM, Rodrigues-Barata R, Morales C, et al. Serious adverse effects from compounding errors with low-dose oral minoxidil for alopecia treatment. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2022. English, Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2021.03.003 • PubMed
Pekmezci E, Türkoğlu M. Minoxidil acts as an antiandrogen: a study of 5α-reductase type 2 gene expression in a human keratinocyte cell line. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2017 Dec. PubMed
Sinclair RD, Mallari RS, Tate B. Sensitization to saw palmetto and minoxidil in separate topical extemporaneous treatments for androgenetic alopecia. Australas J Dermatol. 2002 Nov. doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.2002.00620.x • PubMed
Tsoporis J, Keeley FW, Lee RM, Leenen FH. Arterial vasodilation and vascular connective tissue changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998 Jun. doi:10.1097/00005344-199806000-00022 • PubMed