THE ALLIANCE | How pharma companies & physicians joined forces

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References

Individuals highlighted in this special section appear in bold. Authors in italics are Merck and GlaxoSmithKline researchers. RS Rittmaster was at Dalhousie University through approximately 2005, then moved to GlaxoSmithKline.

Andriole 1998
Andriole GL, Guess HA, Epstein JI, Wise H, Kadmon D, Crawford ED, Hudson P, Jackson CL, Romas NA, Patterson L, Cook TJ, Waldstreicher J, for the PLESS Study Group. Treatment with finasteride preserves usefulness of prostate-specific antigen in the detection of prostate cancer: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Urology. 1998. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00184-8 • PubMed

Andriole 2004
Andriole GL, Humphrey P, Ray P, Gleave ME, Trachtenberg J, Thomas LN, Lazier CB, Rittmaster RS. Effect of the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on markers of tumor regression in prostate cancer. J Urol. 2004. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000136430.37245.b9 • PubMed

Andriole 2010
Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, Gomella LG, Marberger M, Montorsi F, Pettaway CA, Tammela TL, Teloken C, Tindall DJ, Somerville MC, Wilson TH, Fowler IL, Rittmaster RS [GSK], for the REDUCE Study Group. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0908127 • PubMed

Bartsch 2002
Bartsch G, Rittmaster RS, Klocker H. Dihydrotestosterone and the concept of 5alpha-reductase inhibition in human benign prostatic hyperplasia. World J Urol. 2002. doi:10.1007/s00345-002-0248-5 • PubMed

Beisland 1992
H.O. Beisland, Binkowitz B, Brekkan E, Ekman P, Kontturi M, Lehtonen T, Lundmo P, Pappas F, Round E, Shapiro D, Stoner E, Swartz R, Varenhorst E, for the Scandinavian Clinical Study of Finasteride in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. European Urology. 1992. doi:10.1159/000474771 • PubMed

Bruskewitz 1999
Bruskewitz R, Girman CJ, Fowler J, Rigby OF, Sullivan M, Bracken RB, Fusilier HA, Kozlowski D, Kantor SD, Johnson EL, Wang DZ, Waldstreicher J, for the PLESS Study Group. Effect of finasteride on bother and other health-related quality of life aspects associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Proscar Long-term Efficacy and Safety Study. Urology. 1999. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00209-5 • PubMed

De Schepper 1991
De Schepper PJ, Imperato-McGinley J, Van Hecken A, De Lepeleire I, Buntinx A, Carlin J, Gressi MH, Stoner E. Hormonal effects, tolerability, and preliminary kinetics in men of MK-906, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. Steroids. 1991. doi:10.1016/0039-128x(91)90003-e • PubMed

Drake 1999
Drake L, Hordinsky M, Fiedler V, Swinehart J, Unger WP, Cotterill PC, Thiboutot DM, Lowe N, Jacobson C, Whiting D, Stieglitz S, Kraus SJ, Griffin EI, Weiss D, Carrington P, Gencheff C, Cole GW, Pariser DM, Epstein ES, Tanaka W, Dallob A, Vandormael K, Geissler L, Waldstreicher J. The effects of finasteride on scalp skin and serum androgen levels in men with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(99)80051-6 • PubMed

Fertig 2017
Fertig R, Shapiro J, Bergfeld W, Tosti A. Investigation of the plausibility of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor syndrome. Skin Appendage Disord. 2016. doi:10.1159/000450617 • PubMed

Fleshner 2007
Fleshner N, Gomella LG, Cookson MS, Finelli A, Evans A, Taneja SS, Lucia MS, Wolford E, Somerville MC, Rittmaster R, for the REDEEM Study Group. Delay in the progression of low-risk prostate cancer: rationale and design of the Reduction by Dutasteride of Clinical Progression Events in Expectant Management (REDEEM) trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2007.05.006 • PubMed

Fleshner 2012
Fleshner NE, Lucia MS, Egerdie B, Aaron L, Eure G, Nandy I, Black L, Rittmaster RS. Dutasteride in localised prostate cancer management: the REDEEM randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61619-X • PubMed

Gormley 1990
Gormley GJ, Stoner E, Rittmaster RS, Gregg H, Thompson DL, Lasseter KC, Vlasses PH, Stein EA. Effects of finasteride (MK-906), a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on circulating androgens in male volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990. doi:10.1210/jcem-70-4-1136 • PubMed

Gormley 1991
[Gormley GJ] The MK-906 (Finasteride) Study Group. One-year experience in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with finasteride. J Androl. 1991. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1991.tb00277.x • PubMed

Gormley 1992
Gormley GJ, Stoner E, Bruskewitz RC, Imperato-Mcginley J, Walsh PC, McConnell JD, Andriole GL, Geller J, Bracken BR, Tenover JS, Vaughan ED, Pappas F, Taylor A, Binkowitz B, Ng J, for the Finasteride Study Group. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 1992. doi:10.1056/NEJM199210223271701 • PubMed

Gormley 1995
Gormley GJ. Finasteride: a clinical review. Biomed Pharmacother. 1995. doi:10.1016/0753-3322(96)82658-8

Gormley 2002
Gormley GJ, Stoner E, Bruskewitz RC, Imperato-McGinley J, Walsh PC, McConnell JD, Andriole GL, Geller J, Bracken BR, Tenover JS, Vaughan ED, Pappas F, Taylor A, Binkowitz B, Ng J, for the Finasteride Study Group. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. 1992. J Urol. 2002. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(02)80349-4 • PubMed

Hagberg 2016
Hagberg KW, Divan HA, Persson R, Nickel JC, Jick SS. Risk of erectile dysfunction associated with use of 5-α reductase inhibitors for benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia: population based studies using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. BMJ. 2016. doi:10.1136/bmj.i4823 • PubMed

Hagberg 2017a
Hagberg KW, Divan HA, Fang SC, Nickel JC, Jick SS. Risk of gynecomastia and breast cancer associated with the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Epidemiol. 2017. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S124674 • PubMed

Hagberg 2017b
Hagberg KW, Divan HA, Nickel JC, Jick SS. Risk of incident antidepressant-treated depression associated with use of 5α-reductase inhibitors compared with use of α-blockers in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Pharmacotherapy. 2017. doi:10.1002/phar.1925 • PubMed

Imperato-McGinley 1990
Imperato-McGinley J, Shackleton C, Orlic S, Stoner E. C19 and C21 5 beta/5 alpha metabolite ratios in subjects treated with the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride: comparison of male pseudohermaphrodites with inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990. doi:10.1210/jcem-70-3-777 • PubMed

Kaplan 2000
Kaplan S, Garvin D, Gilhooly P, Koppel M, Labasky R, Milsten R, Reddy P, Rosenberg S, Sussman D, White C, Lee M, Pappas F, Waldstreicher J, for the PLESS Study Group. Impact of baseline symptom severity on future risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia-related outcomes and long-term response to finasteride. Urology. 2000. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00724-x • PubMed

Kaufman 1998
Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D, Savin R, DeVillez R, Bergfeld W, Price VH, Van Neste D, Roberts JL, Hordinsky M, Shapiro J, Binkowitz B, Gormley GJ, for the Finasteride Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group. Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70007-6 • PubMed

Kaufman 2008a
Kaufman KD, Rotonda J, Shah AK, Meehan AG. Long-term treatment with finasteride 1 mg decreases the likelihood of developing further visible hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss). Eur J Dermatol. 2008. doi:10.1684/ejd.2008.0436 • PubMed

Kaufman 2008b
Kaufman KD, Girman CJ, Round EM, Johnson-Levonas AO, Shah AK, Rotonda J. Progression of hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss): long-term (5-year) controlled observational data in placebo-treated patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2008. doi:10.1684/ejd.2008.0435 • PubMed

Lepor 1996
Lepor H, Williford WO, Barry MJ, Brawer MK, Dixon CM, Gormley G, Haakenson C, Machi M, Narayan P, Padley RJ, for the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group. The efficacy of terazosin, finasteride, or both in benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 1996. doi:10.1056/NEJM199608223350801 • PubMed

Lepor 1998
Lepor H, Williford WO, Barry MJ, Haakenson C, Jones K, for the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group. The impact of medical therapy on bother due to symptoms, quality of life and global outcome, and factors predicting response. J Urol. 1998. PubMed

Leyden 1999
Leyden J, Dunlap F, Miller B, Winters P, Lebwohl M, Hecker D, Kraus S, Baldwin H, Shalita A, Draelos Z, Markou M, Thiboutot D, Rapaport M, Kang S, Kelly T, Pariser D, Webster G, Hordinsky M, Rietschel R, Katz HI, Terranella L, Best S, Round E, Waldstreicher J. Finasteride in the treatment of men with frontal male pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70081-2 • PubMed

Lowe 2003
Lowe FC, McConnell JD, Hudson PB, Romas NA, Boake R, Lieber M, Elhilali M, Geller J, Imperato-McGinley J, Andriole GL, Bruskewitz RC, Walsh PC, Bartsch G, Nacey JN, Shah S, Pappas F, Ko A, Cook T, Stoner E, Waldstreicher J, for the Finasteride Study Group. Long-term 6-year experience with finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2003. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02548-7 • PubMed

Marberger 2000
Marberger MJ, Andersen JT, Nickel JC, Malice MP, Gabriel M, Pappas F, Meehan A, Stoner E, Waldstreicher J. Prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen as predictors of acute urinary retention. Combined experience from three large multinational placebo-controlled trials. Eur Urol. 2000. doi:10.1159/000020356 • PubMed

McConnell 1992
McConnell JD, Wilson JD, George FW, Geller J, Pappas F, Stoner E. Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, suppresses prostatic dihydrotestosterone in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992. doi:10.1210/jcem.74.3.1371291 • PubMed

McConnell 1998
McConnell JD, Bruskewitz R, Walsh P, Andriole G, Lieber M, Holtgrewe HL, Albertsen P, Roehrborn CG, Nickel JC, Wang DZ, Taylor AM, Waldstreicher J, for the Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 1998. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802263380901 • PubMed

McConnell 2003
McConnell JD, Roehrborn CG, Bautista OM, Andriole GL Jr, Dixon CM, Kusek JW, Lepor H, McVary KT, Nyberg LM Jr, Clarke HS, Crawford ED, Diokno A, Foley JP, Foster HE, Jacobs SC, Kaplan SA, Kreder KJ, Lieber MM, Lucia MS, Miller GJ, Menon M, Milam DF, Ramsdell JW, Schenkman NS, Slawin KM, Smith JA, for the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) Research Group. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2003. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030656 • PubMed

Nickel 1996
Nickel JC, Fradet Y, Boake RC, Pommerville PJ, Perreault JP, Afridi SK, Elhilali MM, and the PROSPECT Study Group. Efficacy and safety of finasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial (the PROSPECT study). CMAJ. 1996. PubMed • PMC full text

Nickel 2011
Nickel JC, Gilling P, Tammela TL, Morrill B, Wilson TH, Rittmaster RS [GSK]. Comparison of dutasteride and finasteride for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Enlarged Prostate International Comparator Study (EPICS). BJU Int. 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10195.x • PubMed

Olsen 1999
Olsen EA. Efficacy of finasteride 1 mg in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. Exp Dermatol. 1999. PubMed

Olsen 2002
Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Roberts JL, Whiting DA; Dermatologic Consortium for Women’s Health. Female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124068 • PubMed

Olsen 2005
Olsen EA, Messenger AG, Shapiro J, Bergfeld WF, Hordinsky MK, Roberts JL, Stough D, Washenik K, Whiting DA. Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Feb. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.04.008 • PubMed

Olsen 2006
Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D, Stough D, Hobbs S, Ellis ML, Wilson T, Rittmaster RS [GSK], for the Dutasteride Alopecia Research Team. The importance of dual 5ɑ-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.007 • PubMed

Olsen 2012
Olsen EA, Whiting DA, Savin R, Rodgers A, Johnson-Levonas AO, Round E, Rotonda J, Kaufman KD, for the Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group. Global photographic assessment of men aged 18 to 60 years with male pattern hair loss receiving finasteride 1 mg or placebo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.10.027 • PubMed

Pearson 2003
Pearson JD, Lei HH, Beaty TH, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Isaacs WB, Stoner E, Walsh PC. Familial aggregation of bothersome benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. Urology. 2003. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02509-8 • PubMed

Price 1999a
Price VH. Treatment of hair loss. N Engl J Med. 1999. doi:10.1056/NEJM199909233411307 • PubMed

Price 1999b
Price VH. Authors’ conflicts of interest: a disclosure and editors’ reply. N Engl J Med. 1999. doi:10.1056/NEJM199911183412113 • PubMed

Price 2000
Price VH, Roberts JL, Hordinsky M, Olsen EA, Savin R, Bergfeld W, Fiedler V, Lucky A, Whiting DA, Pappas F, Culbertson J, Kotey P, Meehan A, Waldstreicher J. Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000. doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.107953 • PubMed

Price 2002
Price VH, Menefee E, Sanchez M, Ruane P, Kaufman KD. Changes in hair weight and hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia after treatment with finasteride, 1 mg, daily. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.120537 • PubMed

Price 2006
Price VH, Menefee E, Sanchez M, Kaufman KD. Changes in hair weight in men with androgenetic alopecia after treatment with finasteride (1 mg daily): three- and 4-year results. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.001 • PubMed

Rittmaster 1987
Rittmaster RS, Uno H, Povar ML, Mellin TN, Loriaux DL. The effects of N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-carboxamide, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor and antiandrogen, on the development of baldness in the stumptail macaque. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987. doi:10.1210/jcem-65-1-188 • PubMed

Rittmaster 1989
Rittmaster RS, Stoner E, Thompson DL, Nance D, Lasseter KC. Effect of MK-906, a specific 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on serum androgens and androgen conjugates in normal men. J Androl. 1989. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00097.x • PubMed

Roberts 1999a
Roberts JL, Fiedler V, Imperato-McGinley J, Whiting D, Olsen E, Shupack J, Stough D, DeVillez R, Rietschel R, Savin R, Bergfeld W, Swinehart J, Funicella T, Hordinsky M, Lowe N, Katz I, Lucky A, Drake L, Price VH, Weiss D, Whitmore E, Millikan L, Muller S, Gencheff C, Carrington P, Binkowitz B, Kotey P, He W, Bruno K, Jacobsen C, Terranella L, Gormley GJ, Kaufman, KD. Clinical dose ranging studies with finasteride, a type 2 5ɑ-reductase inhibitor, in men with male pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(99)80052-8 • PubMed

Roberts 1999b
Roberts JL. Finasteride in a 1-mg dose is safe and effective. Arch Dermatol. 1999. doi:10.1001/archderm.135.8.990 • PubMed

Roehrborn 1999
Roehrborn CG, McConnell JD, Lieber M, Kaplan S, Geller J, Malek GH, Castellanos R, Coffield S, Saltzman B, Resnick M, Cook TJ, Waldstreicher J, for the PLESS Study Group. Serum prostate-specific antigen concentration is a powerful predictor of acute urinary retention and need for surgery in men with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 1999. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00654-2 • PubMed

Roehrborn 2000
Roehrborn CG, Bruskewitz R, Nickel GC, Glickman S, Cox C, Anderson R, Kandzari S, Herlihy R, Kornitzer G, Brown BT, Holtgrewe HL, Taylor A, Wang D, Waldstreicher J, for the PLESS Study Group. Urinary retention in patients with BPH treated with finasteride or placebo over 4 years. Characterization of patients and ultimate outcomes. Eur Urol. 2000. doi:10.1159/000020189 • PubMed

Roehrborn 2002
Roehrborn CG, Boyle P, Nickel JC, Hoefner K, Andriole G, for ARIA Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of a dual inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 (dutasteride) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2002. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01905-2 • PubMed

Roehrborn 2004
Roehrborn CG, Bruskewitz R, Nickel JC, McConnell JD, Saltzman B, Gittelman MC, Malek GH, Gottesman JE, Suryawanshi S, Drisko J, Meehan A, Waldstreicher J, for the Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group. Sustained decrease in incidence of acute urinary retention and surgery with finasteride for 6 years in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2004. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000112918.74410.94 • PubMed

Sanda 1997
Sanda MG, Doehring CB, Binkowitz B, Beaty TH, Partin AW, Hale E, Stoner E, Walsh PC. Clinical and biological characteristics of familial benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65069-9 • PubMed

Shapiro 1998
Shapiro J, Price VH. Hair regrowth: therapeutic agents. Dermatol Clin. 1998. doi:10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70017-6 • PubMed

Shapiro 2003
Shapiro J, Kaufman KD. Use of finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss). J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12167.x • PubMed

Stough 2002
Stough DB, Rao NA, Kaufman KD, Mitchell C. Finasteride improves male pattern hair loss in a randomized study in identical twins. Eur J Dermatol. 2002. PubMed

Stough 2005
Stough D, Stenn K, Haber R, Parsley WM, Vogel JE, Whiting DA, Washenik K. Psychological effect, pathophysiology, and management of androgenetic alopecia in men. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005. doi:10.4065/80.10.1316 • PubMed

Stough 2007
Stough D. Dutasteride improves male pattern hair loss in a randomized study in identical twins. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2007.00297.x • PubMed

Tosti 1999a
Tosti A, Camacho-Martinez F, Dawber R. Management of androgenetic alopecia [CME article]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1999. PubMed

Tosti 1999b
Tosti A, Piraccini BM. Androgenetic alopecia. Int J Dermatol. 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00002.x • PubMed

Tosti 2000
Tosti A, Piraccini BM. Finasteride and the hair cycle. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000. doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.103272 • PubMed

Tosti 2001
Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Soli M. Evaluation of sexual function in subjects taking finasteride for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00315.x • PubMed

Tosti 2004
Tosti A, Pazzaglia M, Soli M, Rossi A, Rebora A, Atzori L, Barbareschi M, Benci M, Voudouris S, Vena GA. Evaluation of sexual function with an international index of erectile function in subjects taking finasteride for androgenetic alopecia. Arch Dermatol. 2004. doi:10.1001/archderm.140.7.857 • PubMed

Tosti 2009
Tosti A, Duque-Estrada B. Treatment strategies for alopecia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009. doi:10.1517/14656560902876368 • PubMed

Van Neste 2000
Van Neste D, Fuh V, Sanchez-Pedreno P, Lopez-Bran E, Wolff H, Whiting D, Roberts J, Kopera D, Stene JJ, Calvieri S, Tosti A, Prens E, Guarrera M, Kanojia P, He W, Kaufman KD. Finasteride increases anagen hair in men with androgenetic alopecia. Br J Dermatol. 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03780.x • PubMed

Vaughan 2002
Vaughan D, Imperato-McGinley J, McConnell J, Matsumoto AM, Bracken B, Roy J, Sullivan M, Pappas F, Cook T, Daurio C, Meehan A, Stoner E, Waldstreicher J. Long-term (7 to 8-year) experience with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2002. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01971-4 • PubMed

Wessells 2003
Wessells H, Roy J, Bannow J, Grayhack J, Matsumoto AM, Tenover L, Herlihy R, Fitch W, Labasky R, Auerbach S, Parra R, Rajfer J, Culbertson J, Lee M, Bach MA, Waldstreicher J, for the PLESS Study Group. Incidence and severity of sexual adverse experiences in finasteride and placebo-treated men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2003. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02401-9 • PubMed

Whiting 1998
Whiting DA. Male pattern hair loss: current understanding. Int J Dermatol. 1998. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00542.x • PubMed

Whiting 1999
Whiting DA, Waldstreicher J, Sanchez M, Kaufman KD. Measuring reversal of hair miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia by follicular counts in horizontal sections of serial scalp biopsies: results of finasteride 1 mg treatment of men and postmenopausal women. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 1999. doi:10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640230 • PubMed

Whiting 2001a
Whiting DA. Possible mechanisms of miniaturization during androgenetic alopecia or pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Sep;45(3 Suppl). doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.117428 • PubMed

Whiting 2001b
Whiting DA. Advances in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia: a brief review of finasteride studies. Eur J Dermatol. 2001. PubMed

Whiting 2003
Whiting DA, Olsen EA, Savin R, Halper L, Rodgers A, Wang L, Hustad C, Palmisano J, for the Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group. Efficacy and tolerability of finasteride 1 mg in men aged 41 to 60 years with male pattern hair loss. Eur J Dermatol. 2003. PubMed

Yang 1999
Yang XJ, Lecksell K, Short K, Gottesman J, Peterson L, Bannow J, Schellhammer PF, Fitch WP, Hodge GB, Parra R, Rouse S, Waldstreicher J, Epstein JI. Does long-term finasteride therapy affect the histologic features of benign prostatic tissue and prostate cancer on needle biopsy? PLESS Study Group. Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study. Urology. 1999 Apr. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00579-2 • PubMed

Young 2023
Young PC, Mahajan C, Shapiro J, Tosti A. Digital health platforms expand access and improve care for male androgenetic alopecia. Int J Dermatol. 2023. doi:10.1111/ijd.16452 • PubMed • PMC full text